Little turtles are popular pet substitutes for families
whose children are allergic to cats and dogs. The Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (CDC), however, warns the public that the animals can cause
salmonella
In 2006, health officials recorded the first multistate
salmonella outbreak in the US, which included four cases. From that year until
2011, authorities investigated four more outbreaks, which entailed 394 cases.
One of the outbreaks was said to have claimed the life of a 3.5-week-old baby,
who was exposed to a tiny turtle
Numbers Linking Salmonella Outbreaks and Turtle Exposure
For the current research, the scientists studied eight
outbreaks of salmonella related to small turtles from 2011 to 2014. The total
number of cases was 473 and it included those from Puerto Rico and the District
of Columbia.
The findings showed that children aged below 18, below 5, and
below 1 made up 74 percent, 55 percent, and 23 percent of all cases
respectively.
For race and ethnicity, Hispanics made up 45 percent of the
cases.
Out of the patients who got infected, 28 percent required
hospitalization, which commonly ran for three days.
The results of a turtle exposure questionnaire for 102
cases revealed that 80 percent had turtles at home. Almost two-thirds of the
patients in this category had direct exposure to a turtle or in its habitat
within the week of symptoms onset. About one-third of infants and children aged
below 5 also exhibited the same findings.
How Turtles Are Associated with Salmonella
CDC warned that the bacteria may be present even if it's
not seen. Salmonella can be found naturally in the gut of turtles and even if
the bacteria are there, the animals do not necessarily exhibit signs and
symptoms of infection. Aside from that, turtles do not shed the bacteria all
the time hence, even if a turtle tested negative in diagnostic investigations,
it does not confirm an infection-free state.
In homes, salmonella may be detected in surfaces and waters
that turtle have had contact with. In one of the cases encountered by the
researchers, a baby was infected with salmonella because feeding bottles were
washed in a sink where a pet turtle habitat was also cleaned.
"All turtles - healthy and sick, big and small - can
carry Salmonella," said lead author Dr. Maroya Walters from CDC.
Experts Advise Against Having Turtles as Family Pets
The researchers acknowledged that they were not able to
track all turtles for sale because it is often illegally sold in unregulated
locations such as street events and flea markets. Despite this, Dr. Elizabeth
Barnett, from Boston University School of Medicine who wasn't involved in the
study, believed that the authors were able to convey the importance of
deviating from the idea of having turtles as pets.
"Turtles and other reptiles shouldn't be kept at home
or school or any other facilities where there are children under the age of 5,"
said Walters.
Government Ban on Pet Turtles
Since the 1970s, the U.S. government has banned selling
turtles with shells that measure less than 4 inches. Although the ban and risks
information were widely advocated, salmonella outbreaks continued to increase.
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